String Format

Methods:

• String.format(String formatString, Object... args): Static method on the String class. Creates a new formatted string.

• printf(String formatString, Object... args): Static method on the System class. Prints the formatted string to the console. Both format() and printf() use the same format specifiers and arguments. Specifying what to format:

• %s: Inserts a string.

• %c: Inserts a single character.

• %d: Inserts a decimal integer.

• %f: Inserts a floating-point number.

• %o: Inserts an octal integer.

• %x: Inserts a hexadecimal integer (lowercase).

• %X: Inserts a hexadecimal integer (uppercase).

• %%: Inserts a literal percent sign (%).

Styling your formatted string:

• Flags:

  • -: Left-justify

  • +: Add sign for positive numbers

  • 0: Pad with zeros

  • #: Add prefix (0 for octal, 0x for hexadecimal)

  • ,: Group thousands separator

• Width: Specify minimum field width (e.g., %10d for 10-digit integer).

• Precision:

  • For integers: minimum number of digits (e.g., %.2d for two decimal places).

  • For floats/doubles: maximum number of decimal places (e.g., %.4f for four decimal places).